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François Chollet 主張 2024 年以前的基礎 LLM 與現代 LRM 的關鍵差別,是從直接猜答案的轉導式推論,轉向先推論出產生答案的程式或指令的歸納式推論

中文摘要

他稱 LRMs 具備明顯的流體智力,並以 ARC 1 為例,說基礎 LLM 至今約 10-15%,而同級或更小的 LRM 在 2025 年已達飽和。這是作者個人論述與其引用的數據,貼文內沒有完整評測方法。

一龍馬判讀

對模型研究與評測設計者而言,這提供一個解釋推理進展的框架,但是否接受其流體智力定義與數字,須另查 ARC 評測原始紀錄。

原文節錄

François Chollet · @fchollet

Base LLMs, to this day, have ~0 fluid intelligence.…

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The critical distinction between base LLMs (2024 and earlier) and modern LRMs is not symbolic tool use. It's the switch from a transductive paradigm (intuit the answer to the query) to an inductive paradigm (intuit the program/instructions that produce the answer to the query). They're trained to be inductive, and they perform test-time induction, i.e. test-time prediction of a NL program / reasoning chain. This unlocks entirely new capabilities -- in particular fluid intelligence. Base LLMs, to this day, have ~0 fluid intelligence. LRMs have substantial levels of fluid intelligence. The performance of LLMs on ARC 1 (a benchmark from 2019) remains ~10-15% today. Scaling them up by a factor ~100,000x got them from 0% to 10%. Meanwhile LRMs the same size or smaller saturated ARC 1 in 2025.

收錄日期
2026-10-02
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2026/10/02 23:47(台北)